Ngā ara keri, inā koaara rapa, he mea nui tā rātou mahi ki te whakarei ake i te nekenekehanga o ngā keri puta noa i ngā whenua rerekē. He pai ake te pupuri i te whenua i ngā ara whakarewa, e whakanui ana i te pumau me te whakaiti i te kino o te oneone. Mā te hoahoa ngāwari ka whakaitihia te pēhanga whenua, ka pai mō ngā mata tairongo. Ka whakapai ake hoki ēnei ara rapa i te whakamarie o te ekenga me te pai o te whakamahinga wahie, ka whai hua ki ngā kaiwhakahaere me te penapena utu.
Ngā Whakaaro Matua
- Mā ngā ara rapa ka ngāwari te neke o ngā keri i runga i te whenua ngohengohe, pūkepuke rānei. Ka whakaitihia te tūponotanga o te mau.
- He ngawari ēnei ara ki ngā mata pēnei i ngā rori me ngā ara hīkoi. Nā tēnei he pai mō ngā mahi hanga tāone, ā, he penapena moni hoki mō ngā whakatikatika.
- Mā te tiaki i ngā ara rapa, pērā i te horoi pinepine me te tirotiro i te piri, ka roa ake te ora, ka pai ake hoki te mahi.
Te Mārama ki ngā Ara Keri me tōna Hiranga
He aha ngāNgā Ara Keri Rapa?
He wāhanga motuhake ngā ara keri rapa i hangaia hei whakakapi i ngā ara maitai tuku iho i runga i ngā keri. He rapa kounga teitei te hanga o ēnei ara, he maha ngā wā ka whakapakarihia ki ngā matua maitai, hei whakarato i te taurite o te ngāwari me te kaha. Nā te ngāwari o ēnei ara ka taea te urutau ki ngā mata kāore i te ōrite, ā, nā te ātete ki te kakahu ka mau tonu te kaha i ngā mahi taumaha. Kāore i rite ki ngā ara maitai, ka whakaitihia e ngā ara rapa te kino ki ngā mata pērā i te uku, te raima rānei, ā, he pai mō ngā kaupapa hanga tāone.
Kei roto hoki i ngā ara rapa hou ngā hoahoa matatau, pērā i ngā hanganga kore hononga me ngā tauira takahanga kua whakapaitia. Ka whakarei ake ēnei auahatanga i tā rātou mahi, ka pai ake te kukume me te pumau i ngā whenua uaua. Hei tāpiri, he māmā ake te tāuta me te tiaki i ngā ara rapa, ka waiho hei whiringa whai hua mā ngā kaiwhakahaere e rapu ana i te whai huatanga me te whai wāhi.
Ngā Rerekētanga Matua i waenga i ngā Ara Rapa me ngā Ara Rino
He rerekē ngā mahi a ngā ara rapa me ngā ara maitai, ā, he rerekē te mahi i runga i te whakamahinga. Anei tētahi whakatairite tere:
| Ngā Paearu | Ara Rino | Ngā Ara Rapa |
|---|---|---|
| Te pakari | Pai rawa atu i roto i ngā āhuatanga uaua | He pakari engari kāore i te pai mō ngā whenua paripari |
| Ngā Hiahia Tiaki | Me tiaki tonu | He iti noa te tiaki e hiahiatia ana |
| Te kukume | He tino pai i runga i ngā whenua koretake | He pai ake i runga i ngā mata ngohengohe pērā i te paru |
| Ngā Taumata Haruru | Te haruru nui me te wiri | Mahi mārie, maeneene hoki |
| Te Whai Hua o te Utu | Te utu nui ake i te tīmatanga, te roa o te ora | He iti ake te utu tīmatanga, he maha ake ngā whakakapinga |
He tino pai ngā ara rapa ki te whakaiti i te harurume te wiri, kia pai ake ai mō ngā kaiwhakahaere. He iti ake hoki te kino o te whenua e puta mai ana i ēnei, he mea nui tēnei mō ngā taiao tairongo.
He aha i pai ai ngā ara rapa mō ngā keri
He maha ngā painga o ngā ara rapa, ā, he mea pai mō ngā keri. Nā te kaha ki te whakaiti i te pēhanga o te whenua, ka pai ake te rere o te wai, ā, ka taea e ngā mīhini te mahi pai i runga i ngā whenua ngohengohe pērā i te paru, te paru rānei. Mā tēnei āhuatanga ka ārai i te keri kei totohu, kei mau rānei, he mea noa tēnei mō ngā ara rino.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka tiakina e ngā ara rapa ngā mata mārō, pērā i te raima, i te ara whāriki rānei, mai i ngā karawarawa me ngā pakaru. Nā tēnei ka tino hiahiatia mō ngā mahi hanga tāone me ngā mahi whakapaipai whenua. Ka whakapai ake hoki ō rātou kaha ki te whakaiti i te haruru i te whakamarie o te kaiwhakahaere me te whakaiti i ngā raruraru i ngā wāhi noho.
Kua hangaia ngā ara rapa ki ngā rauemi matatau me ngā tauira takahanga hei whakarato i te kaha ki te pupuri i runga i ngā mata pari, pahekeheke rānei. Mā tēnei ka whakarite i te haumaru me te whai huatanga, ahakoa i roto i ngā āhuatanga uaua. Mā te whakaiti i ngā wiri, ka whakaitihia hoki te pakaru o ngā wāhanga o raro o te mīhini, ka roa ake te roa o te ora o te mīhini, ka whakaitihia hoki ngā utu tiaki.
Ngā Painga oNgā Ara Rapa mō te KeriNekehanga
Te kaha me te pumau pai i runga i ngā whenua uaua
He tino pai ngā ara rapa ki te whakarato i te kukume me te pumau, ahakoa i runga i ngā whenua tino uaua. Ka mau ngāwari ngā tauira takahanga motuhake ki ngā mata pēnei i te paru pahekeheke, te kirikiri koretake, me te whenua koretake. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei hoahoa te paheke, ka whakarite kia pai te mahi a te keri me te kore e moumou i te mana miihini.
Ka tohatohahia hoki e ēnei ara te taumaha o te mīhini ki runga i tētahi mata nui ake, ka whakaitihia ai te tūponotanga o te totohu ki roto i te whenua ngohengohe. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakatere māia i roto i ngā papa hanga paru, i ngā pari pari rānei, me te kore e whakararu i te haumaru, i te mahi rānei.
- Ko ngā painga matua ko:
- He papa hikoi kaha, ka taea te horoi i a ia anō, e mau tonu ai te pupuri ahakoa te mākū, te paru rānei.
- Ka whakaitihia te pēhanga o te whenua, ka whakapiki ake i te pumau, ka ārai hoki i te whakakīkī o te oneone.
He ara rapa e hanga anahe maha ake ngā whakamahinga o ngā keri, e āhei ai tā rātou mahi pono i roto i ngā taiao e uaua ai te whakamahi i ngā mīhini wira, i ngā ara maitai rānei.
Te Whakaiti i te Pēhanga Whenua me te Tiakitanga Mata
Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino kitea o ngā ara rapa ko tōna kaha ki te whakaheke i te pēhanga whenua. Mā te tohatoha ōrite i te taumaha o te mīhini, ka whakaitihia te pānga ki te whenua, ā, he pai mō ngā mata tairongo pērā i te tarutaru, te uku, te whenua pāmu rānei.
| Āhuatanga | Ngā Ara Rapa | Ngā Ara Tikanga |
|---|---|---|
| Pēhanga Whenua | I kitea te pēhanga whenua iti iho | I kitea te pēhanga whenua teitei ake |
| Te Tiakitanga o te Mata | Te tiaki mata kua whakapaitia | Te tiaki mata iti ake te whai hua |
| Te kukume | Te pupuri me te kukume i te kaha ake | Te pupuri me te kukume paerewa |
| Nekehanga | Te nekenekehanga teitei | Te nekehanga iti |
Ehara i te mea ko te whakaiti i te pēhanga o te whenua anake hei tiaki i te mata, engari hei ārai hoki i ngā whakatikatika utu nui ki ngā rori me ngā whenua. Hei tauira, he nui ngā painga o ngā kaupapa hanga tāone i ngā ara rapa, nā te mea ka ārai i te kino o ngā rori kua whakakikoruatia, ngā ara hikoi rānei.
Te Whakamarie o te Kaiwhakahaere me te Whakaiti i te Haruru
Ka āwhina ngā ara rapa ki te noho marino, ki te noho whakamarie hoki mō ngā kaiwhakahaere keri. Kāore i rite ki ngā ara rino, he nui te haruru me te wiri e puta mai ana, ka mimitihia e ngā ara rapa te nuinga o te pānga. Nā tēnei ka iti ake te hoha o te mahi mō ngā hāora roa, ā, ka nui ake te whai hua.
- Ko ngā painga mō ngā kaiwhakahaere ko:
- Te whakaiti i ngā taumata haruru, he mea tino nui ēnei i ngā wāhi noho, i ngā wāhi tāone nui rānei.
- Te whakaiti i te wiri, e whakaiti ana i te taumahatanga ki te tinana o te kaiwhakahaere.
- He wāhi mahi haumaru ake, he wāhi mahi ātaahua ake hoki.
Mā te whakapai ake i te whakamarie o te kaiwhakahaere, ka whakarei ake ngā ara rapa i te hua. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te aro pai ake ki ā rātou mahi me te kore e whakararuraruhia e te haruru nui, e te kore whakamarie rānei.
Te Roa o te Ora Ratonga me te Whai Hua o te Utu
He mea hanga ngā ara rapa kia roa ai te mau, kia iti ai hoki te utu. Nā te ngāwari me te ātete ki te kakahu, ka roa ake te mau o ngā ara, ahakoa te whakamahinga nui. Hei tāpiri, ka tiakina te raro o te waka keri mā te whakaiti i ngā wiri me te whakaiti i te kakahu o ngā wāhanga whakarewa.
| Painga | Whakaahuatanga |
|---|---|
| Te Whakakīkī Oneone o raro | He iti ake te pēhanga o ngā waka ara rapa ki runga i te whenua, ā, he iti ake te kikī o te oneone. |
| Te Kukū Pai Ake | Ka whakawhanakehia e rātou te kaha kukume me te iti ake o te paheke ki te whakataurite ki ngā waka wira. |
| Te Mahi Whenua Iti-Kaha | Ka taea te mahi i runga i ngā whenua iti te kaha, ka whakarei ake i te nekenekehanga i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. |
| Te Whakanuia o te Whai Huatanga Ahuwhenua | Mā te iti o te whakakīkī me te rerekētanga o te kutikuti e hua ake ai ngā hua me te tere o ngā mahi ahuwhenua. |
| Tere Runga Teitei | He tere ake te tere o ngā ara rapa i ngā ara whakarewa, ā, ka pai ake te hua. |
| Te Whakaiti i te Kino o te Huarahi | Kāore ngā ara rapa e kino ki ngā rori kua whakakikoruatia, he rerekē ki ngā ara whakarewa, ā, he maha ngā whakamahinga mō ēnei. |
Ka taea hoki e ngā ara rapa te penapena utu mā te whakaiti i ngā hiahia tiaki. Nā te kaha ki te tiaki i ngā mata me te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o ngā wāhanga whakarewa, ka iti ake ngā whakatikatika me ngā whakakapinga i te roanga o te wā. Mō ngā kaiwhakahaere e hiahia ana ki te whakataurite i te mahi me te utu tika, he haumitanga mohio ngā ara rapa.
Ngā Momo Ara Rapa me ā rātou Whakamahinga
He maha ngā momo ara rapa, ia ara i hangaia kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia whakahaere motuhake. Ahakoa mō te whakamahinga whānui, mō ngā taiao tairongo, mō ngā whenua uaua rānei, mā ēnei ara ka taea e ngā keri te mahi pai me te pono.
Ngā Ara Rapa Paerewa mō te Whakamahinga Whānui o te Keri
Ko ngā ara rapa paerewa te whiringa matua mō te nuinga o ngā mīhini keri. He maha ngā whakamahinga, he iti te utu, ā, he mea hanga hei whakahaere i te whānuitanga o ngā mahi hanga. He tino rongonui ēnei ara i waenga i ngā kamupene hanga iti me te rahi-waenga nā te mea he pono, he utu tika hoki.
- Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o ngā ara rapa paerewa ko:
- Hanganga pakariHe mea hanga ki te rapa kounga teitei, ā, he mea whakakaha ki ngā matua maitai hei whakapakari ake.
- Hototahitanga whānuiHe pai mō ngā tauira keri rerekē, he mea whai hua mō ngā kaimahi kirimana whānui.
- Mahi tauriteHe ranunga o te kukume, te pumau, me te tiaki mata mō ngā mahi o ia rā.
He tino pai ēnei ara mō ngā kaupapa pēnei i te mahi rori, te whakapaipai whenua, me te keri māmā. Nā te kaha ki te whakaiti i te kino o te whenua me te pupuri tonu i te pai o te kukume, he mea nui ēnei ara mō te umanga hanga.
Ngā Ara Rapa Kore-Tohu mō ngā Papa Tairongo
He mea hanga motuhake ngā ara rapa kore-tohu mō ngā taiao e tino hiahiatia ana te tiaki i ngā mata. Kāore ēnei ara e waiho he tohu, he rakuraku rānei, he mea tino pai mō ngā kaupapa o roto, mō ngā wāhi rānei he papa maeneene.
TohutohuHe mea nui ngā ara kore-tohu mō ngā papa hanga tāone, ngā whare putunga, me ngā kaupapa whakapaipai whenua noho.
- Ngā painga o ngā ara rapa kāore he tohu:
- Hoahoa pai-mataĀrai i te kino o ngā papa kua orohia, ngā taera, te uku rānei.
- Mahi marinoKa whakaiti i ngā taumata haruru, kia iti ai te whakararuraru i ngā wāhi noho, i ngā wāhi arumoni rānei.
- Ngā āhuatanga ataahua kua whakarei ake: Ka pupuri i ngā mata kia ma, kia kore hoki he tohu kino e kitea.
He maha ngā whakamahinga o ēnei ara i roto i ngā mahi pēnei i te whakahoro o roto, te whakahaere whare putunga, me te whakapaipai whenua o te tāone. Nā te kaha ki te tiaki i ngā mata tairongo me te pupuri tonu i te mahi pai, he taputapu tino whai hua ēnei mō ngā mahi motuhake.
Ngā Ara Rapa Motuhake mō te Whenua mō ngā Mahi Motuhake
He mea hanga ngā ara rapa motuhake ki te whenua hei whakatutuki i ngā taiao tino uaua. Mai i ngā mara paru ki ngā papa hanga kohatu, he mea hanga ēnei ara kia urutau, kia matatau hoki.
Hei tauira, he ātete ki te tapahi ngā ara hanga hei tu atu i ngā paru koi, engari ko ngā ara ahuwhenua he mea nui ake te ngāwari me te horoi i a ia anō mō ngā āhuatanga paru. Mā ngā takahanga hohonu ake ka whakarei ake te kukume i ngā mīhini ki runga i te whenua ngohengohe, kia pai ai te mahi a ngā mīhini me te kore e mau.
- Ngā momo ara rapa e hāngai ana ki te whenua:
- Ngā ara rapa tapatoruE mōhiotia ana ēnei ara mō ō rātou āheinga matatau, ā, ko te heke mai o te mākete ēnei. He pai ake te pumau me te kaha o te kukume, ā, he pai mō ngā whenua pari, kāore i te pārūrū.
- Ngā ara rapa noaHe kōwhiringa pono mō te whakamahinga whānui, inā koa i ngā āhuatanga kāore i te tino kino.
Ko te pikinga ake o te hiahia mō ngā mīhini maha-whakamahinga, ā, he iti hoki te utu kua akiaki i te whanaketanga o ēnei ara motuhake. Nā tō rātou kaha ki te whakaiti i te pakaru me te urutau ki ngā whenua uaua ka roa te hua me te roa o te ora o ngā taputapu.
TuhipokaHe mea nui ngā ara whenua motuhake mō ngā ahumahi pēnei i te ahuwhenua, te ngahere, me te hanganga taimaha, ka rerekē rawa ngā āhuatanga o te whenua.
Mā te whiriwhiri i te momo ara rapa tika, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakanui ake i te mahi a ā rātou keri me te whakaiti i te wā kore mahi me ngā utu tiaki.
Ngā Whakamahinga o ngā Ara Keri Rapa i te Ao Tūturu
Ngā Kaupapa Hanga me te Whakawhanake Tāone
Kua huri te ara rapa hei mea nui i roto i te hanganga me te whanaketanga o ngā tāone. Nā te kaha ki te tiaki i ngā mata tairongo pērā i te uku me te raima, he mea tino pai mō ngā kaupapa i roto i ngā tāone pukumahi. Mai i te mahi rori ki ngā turanga whare, ka whakarite ēnei ara i te whai huatanga me te kore e puta he kino koretake.
Tirohia ētahi kaupapa rongonui i whai wāhi nui ai ngā ara rapa:
| Ingoa Kaupapa | Tauwāhi | Whakaahuatanga o te Hua |
|---|---|---|
| Pūnaha Waka Papatipu o Bangkok | Tairānia | I whakamahia ngā ara whakarewa, ā, i karohia ai te $2.1 piriona o ngā utu hoko whenua. |
| Kaupapa tereina 21 o Stuttgart | Tiamana | I whakamahia ngā pereti ara kua oti te hanga, ā, i whakaitihia te wā hanga mā te 40%. |
| Whatunga Shinkansen | Hapani | I whakamahia ngā panera ara i hangaia e te wheketere, kia mōhio ai ka mahia te 90% o ngā mahi tiaki i waho o ngā wā pīki. |
| Te whakawhānui ake i te tereina tereina | Pāniora | I penapenahia te €12 miriona mō ia kiromita mā te whakamahi i ngā pereti raima kua oti te hanga. |
| Te Toronga o te Raina Kakariki o Boston | USA | I tutuki te whakahekenga tahua mā te 15% mā te whakauru i ngā ara whakawhiti me ngā pūnaha kua oti te hanga i mua. |
E whakaatu ana ēnei tauira i te whai wāhi a ngā ara rapa ki te penapena utu, ki te tere ake i ngā wā, me te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao.
Ngā Mahi Ahuwhenua me te Mahi Paku
Ka whakawhirinaki ngā kaipāmu ki ngā ara rapa hei whakatika i ngā whenua uaua, hei tiaki hoki i ō rātou oneone. Ka tohatoha ōritetia te taumaha e ēnei ara, ka whakaiti i te whakakīkī o te oneone, ka tiaki hoki i tōna hauora. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau he iti ake te kino o te oneone i ngā tarakihana ara i ngā tarakihana wira, inā koa he ōrite te taumaha o ngā mea e rua.
He tino pai hoki ngā ara rapa ki te pupuri i te kaha o te kukume i ngā mara mākū, kāore rānei i te ōrite. I kitea e te rangahau a Shmulevich rāua ko Osetinsky he pai te ātete o ngā ara rapa ki ngā kaha paheke, ahakoa i roto i ngā rangi uaua. Hei tāpiri, ka āwhina ngā tauira matapae i ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te mārama me pēhea te whakapai ake i te kaha o te kukume me te whakaiti i te ātete nekehanga. Nā tēnei ka waiho rātou heihe kōwhiringa pono mō te ahuwhenua o ēnei rā.
Ngā tono mō te ngahere me te taiao
Ko ngā mahi ngahere e hiahia ana ki ngā taputapu ka taea te whakahaere i ngā whenua paripari me te kore e kino ki te taiao. Ka tutuki i ngā ara rapa tēnei hiahia mā te pupuri pai i ngā whenua paru, toka, kāore rānei i te pārūrū. Mā te iti o te pēhanga o te whenua ka whakaitihia te kino ki ngā papa o te ngahere, ka tiakina ngā rauropi ngawari.
I roto i ngā kaupapa taiao, pērā i te whakaora i ngā repo, te whakahaere rānei i te horo, ka tiaho ngā ara rapa. Mā ēnei ka taea e ngā keri te mahi i ngā wāhi tairongo me te kore e whakararuraru i te hanganga o te oneone. Nā tēnei ka waiho hei taputapu nui mō ngā ahumahi e aro ana ki te oranga tonutanga me te tiaki taiao.
TohutohuMō ngā mahi ngahere me te taiao, ko ngā ara rapa motuhake ki te whenua me ngā takahanga hohonu ake te mea e whakarato ana i te mahi tino pai.
Ngā Tohutohu Tiaki me te Whai Hua o ngā Ara Rapa
Ngā Tikanga Pai mō te Whakaroa i te Roa o te Ora o te Ara Rapa
Mā te tiaki tika ka roa ake te ora o ngā ara rapa, ka pai ai te mahi me te penapena utu. Anei ētahi tohutohu kua whakamātauhia:
- Whakamahia te hurihanga toru-ira hei utu mō ngā hurihanga koi 180-tohu hei whakaiti i te pakaru o te taha.
- Horoia ngā ara i ia wā me te mīhini horoi pēhanga hei tango i ngā paru, hei tirotiro hoki mēnā he pakaru.
- Kia mau tonu te kaha o te ara mā te tirotiro i ia 50 ki te 100 hāora. Ka taea e ngā ara ngāwari te marere, engari ka tere ake te pakaru o ngā ara tino piri.
- Whakakapia wawe tonu ngā wāhanga o raro o te waka kia kore ai e pakaru anō.
- Hurihia ngā ara i ia wā kia ōrite ai te pakaru o ngā ara, ā, whakakapia kia takirua.
- Penapenahia ngā mīhini ki ngā wāhi marumaru, hauhautanga hei tiaki i ngā ara hikoi mai i te rā me te ngatata o te ozone.
Mā te whai i ēnei mahi, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakanui ake i te roa o te ora o ā rātou ara keri me te whakaiti i te wā kore mahi me ngā utu whakatikatika.
Te Whakataurite i ngā Utu: Ngā Ara Rapa me ngā Ara Rino
Ngā ara rapaHe painga motuhake tō ia ara maitai. He tino pai ngā ara maitai mō ngā mahi taumaha, ā, he tino pakari. Heoi, he mea motuhake ngā ara rapa mō tōna kaha ki te tiaki i ngā mata me te whakaiti i te haruru.
Ahakoa he nui ake te utu mō ngā ara rapa i te tīmatanga, he maha ngā wā ka kitea he pai ake te ohanga i roto i te wā. Nā te roa o te ora, te iti o ngā hiahia tiaki, me te iti o ngā utu wā kore mahi, he haumitanga atamai ēnei. Mō ngā kaiwhakahaere e mahi ana i ngā mata tairongo, i ngā tāone nui rānei, ka whakaratohia e ngā ara rapa te taurite pai o te mahi me te whai hua o te utu.
Te Whakataurite i ngā Utu Tiaki me ngā Painga Mahi
Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā ara rapa kounga teitei ka taea te penapena nui mō te wā roa. Mā te whakataurite i ngā ara kounga teitei me ngā ara paerewa ka kitea tēnei taurite:
| Tauwehenga | Ngā Waiata Tino Pai | Ngā Ara Paerewa |
|---|---|---|
| Utu Hoko | Te utu ā-mua teitei ake | Te utu iti iho i mua |
| Te Ora Ratonga e Tumanakohia ana | 1,000-1,500 hāora | 500-800 hāora |
| Ngā Whakaritenga Tiaki | Ngā hiahia tiaki iti ake | Ngā hiahia tiaki teitei ake |
| Ngā Utu Whakamutu | Te whakaiti i te wā kore mahi | Te wā whakatā teitei ake |
| Pānga ki te Hua | Te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga | Paerewa whai hua |
Ahakoa he nui ake te utu i te tīmatanga mō ngā ara hiko kounga teitei, nā te roa o te ora ratonga me te iti o ngā hiahia tiaki ka ea te utu nui. Ka whai hua ngā kaiwhakahaere i te pai ake o te whai huatanga me te iti ake o ngā whakararuraru, ka waiho hei haumitanga whai hua mō ngā kaupapa roa.
He mea nui ngā ara rapa hei whakapai ake i te nekenekehanga me te mahi a te keri. Ka pai ake te kukume, ka tiaki i ngā mata, ka whakarei ake i te pumau puta noa i ngā whenua rerekē. Ka whakanui ake te hoahoa mama i te pai o te whakamahinga wahie, ā, ka whakaitihia ngā utu tiaki e tōna pakari. Ka whai hua ngā kaiwhakahaere i te tere o te otinga o te mahi, ngā mahi kore e mutu, me te penapena utu mō te wā roa.
Whakapā mai:
Wā tuku: Pipiri-05-2025