Ukukhetha okulungileamathrekhi okumba irabhakungenza umehluko omkhulu kumaphrojekthi okwakha. Lawa mathrekhi anikeza ukumelana nokuguguleka okumangalisayo futhi asiza ukwandisa impilo yezingxenye zensimbi ngokunciphisa ukuthintana ngqo nezindawo ezimahhadlahhadla. Njengoba imboni yokwakha ikhula ngo-5-7% njalo ngonyaka, ukutshala imali kumathrekhi asezingeni eliphezulu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungcono nokuqina endaweni.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Ukukhetha imigwaqo emihle yokumba irabha kusiza imishini ukuthi isebenze kangcono futhi ihlale isikhathi eside. Imigwaqo eqinile ibamba kahle futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, inciphisa umonakalo.
• Ukunakekela izitimela, njengokuzihlanza nokuzihlola, kuzenza zihlale isikhathi eside. Shintsha izitimela ezigugile ukuze umshini usebenze kahle kakhulu.
• Ukukhetha imigqa yerabha efanele phansi kanye nomsebenzi wonga isikhathi. Imigqa ehlukene, njengeyenhloso yonke noma ekhethekile, ifanela izidingo ezahlukene.

Kungani Ukukhetha Umshini Wokumba Injoloba Ofanele Kubalulekile?

Umthelela Ekusebenzeni Komshini Nokuphila Isikhathi Eside

Imizila efanele yokumba irabha ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza komshini futhi yandise isikhathi sayo sokuphila. Imizila eyenziwe ngezinto zekhwalithi ephezulu inikeza ukubamba okungcono nokuqina, okunciphisa ukuguguleka komshini. Isibonelo, imizila enezintambo ezihlala ziboshwe inikeza amandla aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezinezintambo ezihlanganisiwe. Nasi isiqhathaniso esisheshayo:

Ukulungiswa njalo, njengokuhlanza nokuhlola imizila, nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ihlala isikhathi eside. Imikhondo ekhombisa ukuguga ngokweqile, njengokwehla kokuphakama kwemithwalo okungaphezu kuka-50%, ingathinta kabi ukusebenza futhi kufanele ishintshwe ngokushesha.

Ukusebenza Kahle kanye nokonga Izindleko

Kukhethwe kahleamathrekhi okumba irabha angasindisakokubili isikhathi nemali. Abaqhubi bavame ukubona ukushelela okungcono kanye nokubambelela, okuthuthukisa umkhiqizo. Izinto ezihlala isikhathi eside zinciphisa isidingo sokushintsha njalo, zinciphise izindleko zokulungisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuwohloka okuncane kusho isikhathi esincane sokuphumula, okugcina amaphrojekthi ehleliwe. Lezi zinzuzo zenza ukutshala imali ezindleleni ezisezingeni eliphezulu kube yisinqumo esingabizi kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokwakha.

Umonakalo Womhlaba Oncishisiwe kanye Nenduduzo Yomqhubi

Imizila yerabha yenzelwe ukunciphisa umonakalo womhlabathi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezithambile noma ezingalingani. Basabalalisa isisindo somshini ngokulinganayo, banciphise ukuminyana kwenhlabathi futhi bavikele izindawo ezibucayi. Lesi sici siwusizo kakhulu ezindaweni zezolimo, lapho ukulondoloza ikhwalithi yomhlabathi kubalulekile khona. Ngokusho kwe-American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, imizila yerabha ingathuthukisa nenduduzo yomqhubi ngokumunca ukudlidliza, okwenza izinsuku zomsebenzi ezinde zingakhathali kakhulu.

Izinhlobo Zemizila Yokumba Injoloba

Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwemizila yokumba irabha kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni kahle. Uhlobo ngalunye lwenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi luhlala isikhathi eside, lusebenziseka kalula, noma lusetshenziswa ngokukhethekile. Ake sihlole izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko.

Amathrekhi Enjoloba Aqhubekayo

Imizila yerabha eqhubekayo yenziwe ngengcezu eyodwa yerabha engenamthungo. Lo mklamo ususa amaphuzu abuthakathaka, okwenza aqine kakhulu futhi athembeke. Le mizila ilungele imisebenzi enzima lapho amandla nokuphila isikhathi eside kubalulekile khona.

Ithiphu: Imizila eqhubekayo ilungele izindawo zokwakha ezinezindawo ezimagebhugebhu, njengoba inikeza ukubamba okuhle kakhulu futhi inciphisa ingozi yokuphuka.

Ziphinde zinikeze ukusebenza okubushelelezi, okuthuthukisa induduzo yomqhubi. Ukwakhiwa kwazo okungenamthungo kunciphisa ukudlidliza, okwenza izinsuku zomsebenzi ezinde zingakhathali kakhulu. Izimboni ezifana nezokwakha nezolimo zivame ukukhetha lezi zindlela ngenxa yekhono lazo lokusingatha izindawo ezinzima ngaphandle kokushintsha njalo.

Amathrekhi Enjoloba Angashintshaniswayo

Imizila yerabha eshintshashintshayo yenzelwe ukuguquguquka. Ivumela opharetha ukuthi bashintshe phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zemizila kuye ngokuthi indawo noma uhlelo lokusebenza lunjani. Lokhu kuguquguquka kubenza babe ukukhetha okungabizi kakhulu kwamabhizinisi aphatha amaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene.

Isibonelo, inkampani yokwakha esebenza emigwaqweni yasemadolobheni kanye nasemasimini odaka ingazuza emigwaqweni eshintshaniswayo. Ukushintshela emzileni onephethini yokunyathela enamandla kakhulu ezimweni zodaka kuqinisekisa ukubambelela nokulawula okungcono. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imizila ebushelelezi isebenza kahle ezindaweni ezigandayiwe, kunciphisa umonakalo womhlabathi.

Amathrekhi Aqondene Nohlelo Lokusebenza

Imizila ethile yohlelo lokusebenza yenzelwe izimboni noma imisebenzi ethile. Le mizila yakhelwe ngezici ezihlukile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile. Isibonelo, imizila esetshenziswa ezimayini yakhelwe ukumelana nezindawo ezihudulayo, kuyilapho leyo yokuhlobisa ingadi igxile ekunciphiseni umonakalo womhlabathi.

Imishini yokumba encane, evame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni emadolobheni, izuza kakhulu emigwaqweni ethile esetshenziswayo. Le mizila ithuthukisa ukukwazi ukuhamba ezindaweni ezixinene futhi inciphisa amazinga omsindo, okwenza ifaneleke ezindaweni zokuhlala. Isidingo esikhulayo semishini yokumba emincane sikhulise ukuthandwa kwale mizila.

Uthi bewazi?Ingxenye yezimboni, eqhutshwa izidingo zokwakha kanye nezezimayini, inesabelo semali engenayo esikhulu kunazo zonke emakethe yezindlela zerabha.

Ngokukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwethrekhi lomsebenzi, abaqhubi bangakhulisa ukusebenza kahle futhi banciphise ukuguguleka kwemishini yabo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuqina, ukuguquguquka, noma ukunemba, kukhona ithrekhi eyenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Zicatshangelwe

Indawo kanye Nokusetshenziswa

Indawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kudlala indima enkulu ku-ukukhetha amathrekhi omshini wokumba irabha afaneleAmaphrojekthi ahlukene adinga izici ezahlukene zethrekhi. Isibonelo, izindawo zokwakha ezinezindawo ezingalingani noma ezinamatshe zidinga imizila enokuqina okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokubamba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaphrojekthi okulungisa izihlahla ayazuza emigwaqweni enciphisa ukuminyana kwenhlabathi.

Abaqhubi kufanele bacabangele uhlobo lomhlabathi umshini wabo ozohlangana nawo njalo. Imizila eyenzelwe izimo ezinodaka noma zesihlabathi ivame ukuba namaphethini okuzihlanza wona akhipha udoti, agcine ukudonsa futhi avimbele ukuminyana. Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, imizila ebushelelezi inciphisa umsindo futhi ivikele izindawo ezigandayiwe.

Ithiphu: Ukuqondanisa uhlobo lwethrekhi nendawo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungcono futhi kunciphisa ukuguguleka komshini.

Amaphethini Okunyathela Ithrekhi

Amaphethini okunyathela amathrekhi athinta ngqo ukubambelela, ukuqina, kanye nenduduzo yomqhubi. Ukukhetha iphethini efanele kungenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni umshini osebenza ngayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene. Nansi incazelo yamaphethini okunyathela avamile kanye nezici zawo:

Iphethini ngayinye yokunyathela iklanyelwe izinselele ezithile. Isibonelo, amaphethini okunciphisa ukudlidliza athuthukisa induduzo yomqhubi phakathi nezinsuku zomsebenzi ezinde, kuyilapho amaphethini aqinile efanelekile ezinhlelweni ezisindayo.

Izindleko vs. Ukuqina

Ukulinganisela izindleko nokuqina kubalulekile lapho ukhetha imigwaqo yokumba irabha. Nakuba imigwaqo yerabha ibiza kakhulu kunemizila yensimbi yendabuko, ukuqina kwayo nokusebenza kwayo kuvame ukuthethelela intengo ephezulu. Imizila yerabha eqhubekayo (i-CRT), isibonelo, ingahlala isilinganiso samakhilomitha angu-5,000 ngaphambi kokudinga ukushintshwa, okusindisa amahora angaphezu kuka-415 omsebenzi wokulungisa imoto ngayinye kuyo yonke impilo yayo.

Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele:

• Imizila yerabha inikeza izixazululo ezinobungani nemvelo, ezithuthukisa isiphakamiso sazo senani.
• Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ithuthukise ukuqina kwayo, okwenza kube utshalomali olufanele.
• Ukuguquguquka kwamanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa, njengerabha yemvelo, kungathinta izindleko zokukhiqiza.

InothiUkutshala imali ezindleleni ezisezingeni eliphezulu kunciphisa ukuvama kokushintsha kanye nezindleko zesikhathi eside, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhlakaniphile kwamabhizinisi.

Ukusebenza Kahle Kaphethiloli

Ukusetshenziswa kahle kukaphethiloli kungenye into ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe. Imizila yokumba irabha ingathuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kukaphethiloli ngokunciphisa ukumelana nomhlabathi nokuthuthukisa ukudonsa komshini. Imizila enamaphethini okusatshalaliswa komthwalo isakaza isisindo somshini ngokulinganayo, inciphisa ukuminyana kwenhlabathi futhi inciphise amandla adingekayo ukuhambisa i-excavator.

Imiklamo ethile yokunyathela, njengamaphethini okunciphisa ukudlidliza, nayo inegalelo ekongeni uphethiloli. Ngokunciphisa ukudlidliza, le mizila iqinisekisa ukusebenza okubushelelezi, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abaqhubi bavame ukubona umehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kukaphethiloli lapho beshintshela emizileni eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwabo okuthile.

Uthi bewazi?Imizila enezindlela zokuhamba ezithuthukisiwe inganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-15, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhambisana nemvelo futhi okungabizi kakhulu.

Amathiphu Okulungisa Nokufaka Esimweni Esisha

Ukuhlolwa Nokuhlanza Okuvamile

Ukugcina imigwaqo yokumba irabha isesimweni esihle kuqala ngokuthiukuhlolwa nokuhlanza okuvamile. Ukungcola, udaka, kanye nemfucumfucu kunganqwabelana ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokwakha. Lokhu kwakheka kungaholela ekugugeni okungadingekile. Abasebenzi kufanele bahlole imizila nsuku zonke ukuze babone ukuthi imfucumfucu inamathele, imifantu, noma omunye umonakalo obonakalayo.

Ithiphu: Sebenzisa umshini wokuwasha ukucindezela ukuze uhlanze kahle imizila ngemva kokusebenzisa ngakunye. Lokhu kuvimbela ukungcola ukuthi kuqine futhi kubangele umonakalo wesikhathi eside.

Ukuhlola isihlalo esingaphansi kwenqola kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Bheka amabhawodi axegayo, ama-sprocket agugile, noma ama-roller alimele. Ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga kusenesikhathi kungonga isikhathi nemali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukuqaphela Izimpawu Zokuguguleka

Ukwazi ukuthi imizila iguga nini kungavimbela ukuphuka okubizayo. Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka phakathi imifantu, ukusikeka, noma izingcezu zerabha ezilahlekile. Naka iphethini yokunyathela. Uma ibukeka ingajulile noma ingalingani, imizila ingase inganikezi ukubambelela okwanele.

Esinye isibonakaliso esibomvu ukudlidliza ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lokhu kungabonisa umonakalo wangaphakathi noma ukungahleleki kahle. Abaqhubi kufanele futhi balalele imisindo engavamile, njengokuklinya noma ukugaya, okuvame ukukhombisa izingxenye ezigugile.

Uthi bewazi?Imizila enokuphakama okungaphezu kuka-50% kwe-lug ilahlekelwa ukubamba okukhulu futhi kufanele ishintshwe ngokushesha.

Isikhathi Sokushintsha Amathrekhi Akho

Ukushintsha amathrekhi ngesikhathi esifanele kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kakhulu. Uma umshini unenkinga yokubambelela noma ushelela njalo, sekuyisikhathi semizila emisha. Umonakalo obonakalayo, njengezintambo zensimbi eziveziwe noma imifantu ejulile, kusho nokuthi ukushintshwa sekudlule isikhathi.

Ithiphu Yochwepheshe: Khetha njalo izintambo zerabha ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezivela kubahlinzeki abathembekile. Zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komshini.

Ukulungiswa njalo kanye nokushintsha ngesikhathi kugcina umshini wakho wokumba usebenza kahle, okukongela imali kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi.

Ukubaluleka Kwabahlinzeki Bekhwalithi

Izinzuzo Zabahlinzeki Abathembekile

Ukukhetha umhlinzeki othembekile wemizila yokumba irabha kungenza umehluko omkhulu. Abahlinzeki abathembekile banikeza imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu ethuthukisa ukusebenza komshini futhi inciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi. Imizila yabo yakhelwe ukuhlala isikhathi eside, okusho ukuthi kuncane ukushintshwa kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziphansi.

Umhlinzeki othembekile uphinde aqinisekise ikhwalithi eqhubekayo. Abaqhubi bangathembela ezindleleni zabo zokusebenza kahle, ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima. Lokhu kuthembeka kukhulisa umkhiqizo futhi kugcina amaphrojekthi ehleliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahlinzeki abathembekile bavame ukunikeza isevisi yamakhasimende enhle kakhulu. Banikeza isiqondiso ekukhetheni amathrekhi afanele futhi banikeze ukwesekwa lapho kuvela izinkinga.

Ithiphu: Funa abahlinzeki abanedumela elihle emakethe kanye nokubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende okuhle. Lezi zinkomba zivame ukubonisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kanye nensizakalo enhle kakhulu.

Ukuqinisekisa Ikhwalithi Nokuthembeka

Ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kufanele kube yizinto eziza kuqala lapho ukhetha umhlinzeki. Amathrekhi asezingeni eliphezulu awathuthukisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kodwa futhi andisa isikhathi sokuphila komshini. Abahlinzeki abanomlando oqinisekisiwe bavame ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokukhiqiza eziqinile, baqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo iletha imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Nasi ukubuka okusheshayo kwalokho okufanele ukucabangele lapho uhlola abahlinzeki:

Ngokukhetha umhlinzeki ohlangabezana nalezi zidingo, abaqhubi bangazizwa beqiniseka ngokutshalwa kwezimali kwabo. Izindlela ezithembekile ziholela ekusebenzeni okubushelelezi, ukubambezeleka okuncane, kanye nemiphumela engcono iyonke.

Uthi bewazi?Abahlinzeki abanemikhiqizo eqinisekiswe yi-ISO bavame ukuletha ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokuthembeka emakethe.

Ukukhetha imigwaqo efanele yokumba irabha kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni kanye nokonga izindleko. Abaqhubi kufanele bagxile endaweni, amaphethini okunyathela, kanye nokuthembeka komhlinzeki ukuze bathole imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Imigwaqo esezingeni eliphezulu ithuthukisa ubude besikhathi somshini futhi inciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi, okwenza kube ukutshalwa kwezimali okuhlakaniphile kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi.

Ithiphu: Ukubambisana nabaphakeli abathembekile kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi eqhubekayo kanye nokusekelwa okuthembekile.

Ukuze uthole imibuzo, xhumana nathi nge:

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Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa imikhondo yerabha ngaphezu kwemikhondo yensimbi?

Imizila yerabha inikeza ukubamba okungcono, inciphisa umonakalo womhlabathi, futhi ithuthukise induduzo yomqhubi. Ihlala isikhathi eside futhi inciphisa ukuguguleka kwezingxenye zensimbi.

Kufanele ihlolwe kangaki imizila yokugaya irabha?

Abaqhubi kufanele bahlole imizila nsuku zonke ukuze babone imifantu, imfucumfucu, noma umonakalo. Ukuhlolwa njalo kuvimbela ukulungiswa okubizayo futhi kuqinisekise ukusebenza kahle.

Ingabe imizila yerabha ingamelana nezindawo ezimagebhugebhu?

Yebo, imigwaqo yerabha esezingeni eliphezulu enezindlela zokunyathela eziqinile isebenza kahle ezindaweni ezimagebhugebhu. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezibukhali njengezinsimbi noma amatshe kufanele zigwenywe ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo.

Ithiphu: Hlanza njalo amathrekhi ngemva kokusebenzisa ukuze wandise isikhathi sawo sokuphila futhi ulondoloze ukusebenza.