Tangira

Nko mu myaka ya 1830 nyuma gato yo kuvuka kwimodoka, abantu bamwe batekereje guha uruziga rwimodoka gushiraho ibiti na rubber "tracks", kugirango imodoka ziremereye zishobora kugenda kubutaka bworoshye, ariko imikorere yambere yo gukoresha no gukoresha ni ntabwo ari byiza, kugeza mu 1901 igihe Lombard muri Amerika yatezimbere imodoka ikurura amashyamba, gusa yahimbye inzira yambere ifite ingaruka nziza. Nyuma yimyaka itatu, injeniyeri ya Californiya, Holt yakoresheje igihangano cya Lombard mugushushanya no kubaka traktor “77 ″.

Nibwo bwato bwa mbere bwakurikiranwe ku isi. Ku ya 24 Ugushyingo 1904, iyo romoruki yakorewe ibizamini bya mbere nyuma iza gushyirwa mu bikorwa byinshi. Mu 1906, uruganda rukora amapikipiki ya Holt rwubatse moteri ya mbere ya lisansi yo mu bwoko bwa moteri ikoreshwa na moteri ya crawler, yatangiye gukora cyane mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, niyo romoruki yatsindiye icyo gihe, maze iba prototype y’ikigega cya mbere ku isi cyakozwe n’abongereza. nyuma yimyaka mike. Mu 1915, Abongereza bakoze ikigega cya “Little Wanderer” bakurikira inzira ya romoruki y'Abanyamerika “Brock”. Mu 1916, tanki yatejwe imbere n’Ubufaransa “Schnad” na “Saint-Chamonix” yakurikiranye inzira za za romoruki zo muri Amerika “Holt”. Abakurura binjiye mu mateka ya tanki mu gihe cy'izuba n'itumba bigera kuri 90 kugeza ubu, kandi inzira z'uyu munsi, tutitaye ku miterere cyangwa ibikoresho byubatswe, gutunganya, n'ibindi, zihora zitungisha inzu y'ubutunzi bw'ikigega, kandi inzira zateye imbere mu bigega bishobora ihangane n'ikigeragezo cy'intambara.

Shiraho

Inzira ni urunigi rworoshye rutwarwa niziga rikora ruzengurutse ibiziga bikora, ibiziga biremereye, ibiziga byinjira hamwe na pulleys. Inzira zigizwe n'inkweto za track na pin. Amapine yinzira ahuza inzira kugirango akore umurongo. Impera zombi zinkweto za tronc zirafunitse, zifatanije nuruziga rukora, kandi hariho amenyo atera hagati, akoreshwa mu kugorora inzira no kubuza inzira kugwa mugihe ikigega cyahinduwe cyangwa kizungurutse, kandi hariya ni urubavu rukomeye rwo kurwanya kunyerera (rwitwa icyitegererezo) kuruhande rwubutaka kugirango rutezimbere imbaraga zinkweto zumuhanda hamwe no guhuza inzira hasi.