Ara rapaHe momo whitiki rapa me te whakarewa, he mea hanga ki te muka rānei, he mea hanga ki te mowhiti rapa, he mea tino pai mō ngā mīhini ahuwhenua, ngā mīhini hanga me ngā waka kawe me ētahi atu wāhanga hikoi.

Te āhua o te tuku rauemi mata o te awa

Teara rapaE whā ngā wāhanga o te rapa: te koura matua, te paparanga pakari, te paparanga ārai me te rapa. Kei roto i ēnei ko te kāpia taha tauira, te kāpia paninga, te kāpia taura maitai, te kāpia paparanga urunga, te kāpia paparanga kakahu, te kāpia niho, me te kāpia taha wira.

Ko te koura matua he wāhanga whāngai tuku, tuku mana, ārahi me te tautoko taha, ko ngā rauemi matua e whakamahia ana ko te rino kōngohengohe, te rino maka maitai whao, te koranu konumohe, te pereti maitai koranu, me ētahi atu, ka taea te whakamahi kirihou i ētahi ara.

Ko te paparanga kaha ko te wāhanga tō, arā, te tinana kume roa o te ara rapa, e tū atu ana i te kaha kukume me te pupuri i te pumau o te nekehanga o te ara. Ko ngā rauemi matua e whakamahia ana ko te taura maitai, te waea maitai piauau, te waea maitai kore waikura, te muka karāhe, te aramid, ētahi atu taura muka hangai kaha-teitei, iti-toronga rānei.
Ka pāngia te paparanga ārai e te wiri kaha me te ru o te tinana whitiki, ā, ka tu atu ki ngā momo whakarerekētanga maha i puta mai i ngā kaha radial, lateral me te tangential i te wā e taraiwa ana i te ara. I taua wā anō, he paparanga tiaki hoki mō ngā wāhanga kukume, e tiaki ana i ngā wāhanga kukume mai i te pakaru o ngā kaha o waho, ā, e ārai ana i te waku o te waea maitai o te paparanga kaha mai i te koura matua. Ko ngā rauemi matua e whakamahia ana ko te taura nairona, te kānawehi nairona me ētahi atu rauemi muka.

Tewāhanga rapaKa hono tata i ētahi atu wāhanga ki te kotahi, ka whakarato i te kaha hikoi me te whakamarie whānui, te mimiti ru me ngā mahi whakaiti haruru, ko te rauemi matua ko te rapa maori (NR) NR / rapa styrene-butadiene (SBR), NR / SBR / rapa cis-butadiene (BR), NR / rapa polystyrene-butadiene rewa (SSBR) / BR me te pūnaha whakakotahi NR / BR me te elastomer polyurethane.

Ko te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakarato o ngā rauemi mata taketake pēnei i te rapa me te waea maitai no Haina me Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti, Ūropi, Te Hononga o Amerika me ētahi atu rohe whai rawa i ngā rauemi.