I ngā wā o te Holocene, kua piki haere te hiahia mō ngā mīhini taumaha i roto i ngā momo ahumahi, tae atu ki te hanga, te ahuwhenua, me te keri. Nā tēnei, kua piki ake te hiahia mō ngā ara rapa pakari me te whai hua i runga i te tarakihana, te keri keri, te hoe tuara, me te ara tārai. Ko te arotahi kua tahuri ki te hangarau hou hei whakarei ake i ēnei ara, hei whakatutuki i te hiahia o te mākete, me te āwhina i te whanaketanga pumau.AI kāore e kiteaHe mahi nui tāna ki te whakapai ake i ngā rauemi, i te hoahoa hanganga, me te whakaiti i te tōia o ngā ara rapa.

Kua whakamahia e ngā kaihanga ngā rauemi matatau pēnei i te rapa kaha-teitei me te matua maitai whakakaha hei whakarei ake i te kaha ki te kawe kawenga me te ātete ki te kakahu o te ara. Hei tāpiri, kua arotauhia te hoahoa hanganga kia pai ake te tohatoha i te taumaha, kia whakaitihia te ahotea miihini me te pai ake o te whai huatanga whānui. Ko te hoahoa whakaiti tō te arotahi matua ki te whakaiti i te tukinga me te ngaronga pūngao i te wā e whakahaerehia ana. He pai ake te mahi me te roa o te ara i roto i ēnei whakatairanga.

Ko te māmā o te hoahoa o te ara rapa tarakihana hou he āhuatanga tino pai. Mā te whakauru i ngā rauemi matatau me ngā tikanga hanga matatau, kua taea e ngā kaihanga te whakaiti i te taumaha katoa o te ara me te kore e whakaiti i te kaha me te roa. Ehara i te mea ka pai ake te whai huatanga o te wahie me te mahi a te mīhini i tēnei hoahoa māmā, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te pānga ki te whenua, ka hangaia kia pai mō ngā momo whenua me te whakaiti i te whakakīkī o te paru. Ka whakarei ake hoki tēnei hoahoa i te āhuatanga penapena pūngao me te tiaki taiao, ka whakaiti i te whakapaunga wahie me te tukunga me te whakatairanga i te tiaki taiao.