Alaula lāʻauhe ʻano ʻōpala a me ka mea hao a i ʻole nā ​​mea fiber composite o ke kāʻei ʻōpala apo, kūpono loa no nā mīkini mahiʻai, nā mīkini hana a me nā kaʻa kaʻa a me nā wahi hele ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ke kūlana hoʻolako waiwai maka

ʻO kaala ʻōpalahe ʻehā ʻāpana: ke gula kumu, ka papa ikaika, ka papa pale a me ka lāʻau. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻōpala e pili ana i ke kāʻei ʻaoʻao kumu, ke kāʻei mua, ke kaula kaula kila, ke kāʻei cushion layer, ke kāpili lole, ke kāpili niho, ka ʻaoʻao huila.

ʻO ke gula kumu he ʻāpana lawe ʻana, hoʻoili mana, alakaʻi a me ke kākoʻo lateral, ʻo nā mea nui i hoʻohana ʻia he ductile iron, cast iron wrought steel, aluminum alloy, alloy steel plate, etc., hiki i kekahi mau mele ke hoʻohana i ka plastic.

ʻO ka ʻāpana ikaika ka ʻāpana huki, ʻo ia ke kino tensile longitudinal o ka track rubber, e kū nei i ka ikaika traction a mālama i ka paʻa o ka track pitch. ʻO nā mea nui i hoʻohana ʻia, ʻo ia ke kaula kila, ke kaula hao galvanized, ka uea kuhili ʻole, ka fiber aniani, ka aramid a i ʻole ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa elongation synthetic fiber cord (rope) a i ʻole ke kaula.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka papa pale i ka haʻalulu ikaika a me ka haʻalulu o ke kino kāʻei, a kūpaʻa i nā deformation he nui i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ikaika radial, lateral a me tangential i ka wā o ke kaʻa ʻana o ke ala. I ka manawa like, he pale pale ia o nā ʻāpana traction, ka mea e pale ai i nā ʻāpana traction mai ka hōʻino ʻia e nā mana o waho a pale i ka friction o ke kaula kila o ka papa ikaika mai ke gula kumu. ʻO nā mea nui i hoʻohana ʻia he kaula nylon, kāwele nylon a me nā mea fiber ʻē aʻe.

ʻO kaʻāpana lāʻauhoʻohui pū i nā mea ʻē aʻe i kahi holoʻokoʻa, e hāʻawi ana i ka hiki ke hele a me ka cushioning holoʻokoʻa, ka haʻalulu haʻalulu a me nā hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa leo, ʻo ka mea nui ka mea maʻamau maʻamau (NR) e pili ana i ka NR / styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), NR / SBR / cis-butadiene ka pulupulu (BR), NR / dissolved polystyrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) / BR a me NR / BR pūnaewele hui pū me ka polyurethane elastomer.

ʻO nā mea kūʻai aku i nā mea waiwai e like me ka wili a me ke kila kila mai Kina a me Asia Hikina Hema, ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā wahi waiwai waiwai ʻē aʻe.